From the map:

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• Larger circles appear to be associated with darker-coloured neighbourhoods

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• Smaller circles seems to be overlapping with lighter-coloured neighbourhoods

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So, the map of the data appears to suggest that:

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• Greater exposure to crime           more visits to the ED for mental health and addiction-related issues

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• Lower exposure to crime           less visits to the ED for mental health and addiction-related issues

 

With this initial analysis of the data, it follows that crime and mental health appear to be positively associated with one another within Toronto neighbourhoods.

 

The map further gives us an idea of where the most or least crime and mental health-related visits are occuring across Toronto. Neighbourhoods near Toronto's north-east, south-west, and south-central areas appear to have high crime incidence as well as high visit rates. Less crime and lower visit rates can be seen in the neighbourhoods within Toronto's north-central, east, and west regions. Figure 1 (found below) illustrates these patterns more clearly. With this, neighbourhoods around Toronto's north-east, south-west, and south-central areas may benefit from additional resources to counter the negative consequences from crime and mental health-related issues. To this, future efforts could investigate why these neighbourhoods are experiencing more crime and mental health-related issues and implement a wider array of services that are tailored to the unique characterisitics of each neighbourhood. Further, neighbourhoods within Toronto's north-central, east, and west regions may already have effective policies or services in place. For these neighbourhood, future efforts may involve maintaining or strengthening those policies/services to ensure that neighbourhoods continue to see low crime incidence and visit rates.